基于TiH2粉末制备Ti-13Nb-13Zr合金的微观组织与结构

利用TiH_2、ZrH_2的脱氢特性,结合粉末冶金方法,将TiH_2、Nb和ZrH_2粉末经混合球磨、压制成形,真空烧制得到Ti-13Nb-13Zr合金,对样品进行金相显微镜、SEM、XRD分析,结果表明:烧结坯体相对密度达到92.2%,合金主要组织为α+β型片状魏氏组织,且在合金形成过程中β稳定元素的Nb发挥作用,使得钛的β相在降温完成后仍稳定存在;α-Ti及α-Zr为六方密排(hcp)结构,β-Ti、Nb及β-Zr同为体心立方(bcc)结构。     

Application of electrooxidation process for treating concentrated wastewater from distillery industry with a voluminous electrode

Experiments in a laboratory scale were carried out to reduce color and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in distillery wastewater by using electrooxidation processes. A cylindrical electrochemical reactor constructed in an axial configuration with 0.2m diameter and 0.35 m height was employed in this study. Two materials including graphite particles and titanium sponge were used as the voluminous anodes. A cathode made from Ti/RuO(2) was placed 0.04-0.05 m above the upper level of anode particles. Effect of parameters including initial pH of wastewater (1-5), time of dilution, current intensity (1-10A), type of additive (H(2)O(2) and NaCl), and additive concentration were investigated. The results indicated that the anode made from titanium sponge showed a higher potential to treat wastewater than the another one. The treatment in acidic condition (pH=1) provided the maximum oxidation of organic pollutants in wastewater. The presence of additives can promote the reduction of COD and color in wastewater approximately 89.62% and 92.24%, respectively. The maximum current efficiency was reached at the first 30 min and decreased slightly as electrolysis time proceeded due to the formation of passivation on the electrode surface. The energy consumption was obtained in the range of 2.82-4.83 kWh/kgCOD or 24.08-28.07 kWh/m(3) wastewater depending upon the concentration of additive. The kinetics of COD reduction was the pseudo first-order reaction with a fast rate constant of 6.78 min(-1).     

Effect of Pt/TiO2 characteristics on temporal behavior of o-cresol decomposition by visible light-induced photocatalysis

Platinum deposited TiO(2) films were prepared on quartz substrates by dip-coating process for the photodecomposition of o-cresol. The characteristics of Pt/TiO(2) and the temporal behavior of o-cresol decomposition by Pt/TiO(2) photocatalysis under visible light irradiation were investigated. Platinum deposited on TiO(2) photocatalysts was characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area measurement, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), diffuse reflectance UV-Vis spectra (DRS) and photoluminescence (PL) emission spectra. The results indicated that the deposition of platinum on TiO(2) promoted the optical absorption in the visible region and made it possible to be excited by visible light. The decomposition rate of o-cresol under visible light irradiation from a fluorescent lamp was enhanced to noticeably extents for experiments conducted with Pt/TiO(2) containing platinum up to 0.50wt% platinum because of the presence of Ti(3+) resulted from the platinum deposited on the TiO(2) surface; and the formation of Schottky Barrier between platinum and TiO(2) preventing the recombination of electric holes and electrons. Specifically, the reaction rate of o-cresol photodegradation at pH 9 using the 0.50wt% Pt/TiO(2) was 4.8 times than that of using pure TiO(2). The intermediates identified by GC/MS spectroscopy during the photocatalytic oxidation of o-cresol. The proposed kinetic model could be adequately applied to describe the temporal behavior of the o-cresol decomposition with and without the dosage of Pt on TiO(2) in aqueous solution by UV/TiO(2) process.     

Disinfection of Legionella pneumophila by ultrasonic treatment with TiO2

An ultrasonic treatment system, using a TiO₂ photocatalyst, was used to disinfect Legionella pneumophila. A kinetic study of the process indicates that TiO₂ significantly improves the disinfection process. The concentrations of viable cells were reduced to 6% of the initial concentrations in the presence of 0.2 g/ml TiO₂ after a 30 min of treatment period, while only an 18% reduction was observed in the absence of TiO₂. The potency of the disinfection could be enhanced, to some extent, by increasing the amount of TiO₂ used. Cell concentrations were decreased by an order of 3 within 30 min of treatment in the presence of 1.0 g/ml TiO₂. The disinfection power in the presence of TiO₂ versus Al₂O₃ was also compared and the findings showed that TiO₂ induced a higher cell killing. No significant effect of initial cell concentration on the disinfection was found in the range of 10²-10⁷ CFU/ml after a 30 min of treatment period. The mechanism of cell killing was investigated by examining the effects of OH radical scavengers such as ascorbic acid, histidine and glutathione. The disinfection power was reduced in samples that contained these radical scavengers, thus indicating the importance of OH radicals.     

Photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange by TiO2-coated activated carbon and kinetic study

TiO2-coated activated carbon (AC) grain (TiO2/AC) was prepared through hydrolytic precipitation of TiO2 from Tetrabutylorthotitanate and following heat treatment. The TiO2/AC was characterized by BET, SEM, XRD and optical absorption spectroscopy. The samples were employed as catalysts for methyl orange photocatalytic oxidation degradation in aqueous suspension, used as probe reaction. The kinetics of methyl orange photodegradation was analyzed. The results indicate that BET surface area of TiO2-coated ACs decreased drastically in comparison with the original AC with increasing TiO2 coatings by more than 1 doped cycle. Nano-TiO2 particles were dispersed on the AC with the size of 20-40 nm. Crystalline TiO2 doped onto AC was from anatase to rutile with increase of heat-treatment temperature. The TiO2/AC was shown high photoactivity for the photodegradation of methyl orange (MO) dyestuff in aqueous solution under UV irradiation. The kinetics of photocatalytic MO dyestuff degradation was found to follow a pseudo-first-order rate law. It was observed that the presence of the AC enhanced the photoefficiency of the titanium dioxide catalyst. Different amount of TiO2 coatings induced different increases in the apparent first-order rate constant of the process. The kinetic behavior could be described in terms of a modified Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. The values of the adsorption equilibrium constants for the organic molecules, KC, and for the rate constants, kc, were certainly dependent on TiO2 content. At 47wt% TiO2 coatings with the highest rate constant, the KC and kc was 0.1116l mmol(-1) and 0.1872 mmol l(-1) min(-1), respectively. The mechanism of methyl orange degradation was discussed in terms of the titanium dioxide photosensitization by the AC.     

一种新型低成本阻燃钛合金的微观组织与力学性能

研究了一种名义成分为Ti-25V-15Cr-5Mo-0.25Si-0.08C的新型低成本阻燃钛合金TF-X,通过三次真空自耗熔炼制备了φ120mm铸锭,经包套挤压得到φ25mm棒材,观察了铸锭和挤压棒材的微观组织,测试并分析了挤压棒材的室温和高温拉伸性能、热稳定性能、高温蠕变性能。结果表明：TF-X合金具有与TF550合金大致相同的微观组织;TF-X合金室温及高温拉伸强度高于TF550合金,并且具有很好的塑性;试验条件下,TF-X合金的热稳定性能低于TF550合金,熔炼过程中应该严格控制氧含量;TF-X合金在540℃/250MPa/100h条件下蠕变性能与TF550合金相当,显著高于Ti40合金。     

复杂结构的钛合金宽弦空心风扇叶片的双层制造工艺及其毛坯优化设计

钛合金宽弦空心风扇叶片是航空发动机的重要部件,具有复杂的结构特点,内部交替排列着减重空腔与加强筋,采用基于复杂超塑性成形的传统多层工艺成形难度大。针对以上问题,本文提出一种基于热成形和扩散连接技术的新双层制造工艺,并且规划了一条毛坯优化设计的基本技术途径,更可靠可控的构建了内部加强筋。借用ABAQUS软件数值模拟成形,分析成形结果的厚度均匀性、结构完整性和表面缺陷,以评估方法的实用性。以Ti-6Al-4V为成形材料,采用经尺寸优化后的最佳坯料,进行了一系列的实验来验证仿真结果。实验成功制造出无缺陷的缩比版钛合金宽弦空心风扇叶片,同时实验与仿真模拟结果非常吻合。     

Ti6Al4V 合金在Saline溶液中的扭动微动磨损

在球/面接触中存在四种微动模式,即切向、径向、转动和扭动微动,在生理介质中扭动微动是人工关节失效的主要原因之一。本文成功建立了一种可在恒温液体介质中实现球/面接触扭动微动的新的试验系统。利用该系统,在37℃的Saline溶液中进行了钛合金/二氧化锆陶瓷球的扭动微动试验,详细讨论了扭动微动的运行行为和损伤机理。结果表明,扭动微动动力学行为在很大程度上取决于扭动角位移振幅和周期数。研究建立了扭动微动运行工况图（RCFM）,包括3个区域,即：部分滑移区（PSR）,混合区（MFR）和完全滑移区（SR）。在部分滑移区,接触中心没有发现任何损伤,接触边缘上只观察到轻微的擦伤和磨损。在混合区,损坏区域从接触边缘向中心扩展,接触中心无损伤,接触边缘区域出现氧化磨损和损伤。在滑移区,整个接触区域均发生损伤,损伤机理主要是磨蚀磨损、氧化磨损、和粘着磨损。     

热变形对TC11-Ti2AlNb电子束焊接件力学性能的影响

本文应用纳米压痕和维氏硬度的方法表征了TC11/Ti2AlNb电子束焊接焊缝区域在不同状态下的硬度和弹性模量分布,结合组织的演变分析了微纳米尺度的力学的变化。结果表明：在TC11合金的热影响区,马氏体α"相的分解是显微硬度降低的主要原因;而在焊缝以及Ti2AlNb热影响区区域,相的析出导致了显微硬度的增加。通过热变形以及锻后热处理都能够提高焊接区域的弹性模量。相比较而言,焊接态的焊缝弹性模量只有92GPa;而在变形和热处理后,弹性模量的值达到了130GPa。通过拉伸实验结果分析,焊缝在变形及热处理后屈服强度得到了较大提高,这和焊缝区域硬度和弹性模量的变化趋势一致。     

Microstructure and Formation Mechanism of Porous Ti-Al Intermetallics Prepared by Pressureless Sintering

以Ti和Al 2种粉末为原料,采用粉末压制-无压烧结技术制备了TiAl多孔材料,并对其宏观形貌、相组成、孔结构、反应机制和孔隙形成机理进行了分析。结果表明：Ti-Al粉末压坯在烧结过程中发生了明显的体积膨胀,多孔材料的总孔隙率为49.88%~57.53%,开孔率为47.60%~56.15%。多孔材料主要由连续的颗粒骨架、骨架之间的大孔隙和骨架内部的小孔隙构成,孔隙主要来自粉末压坯颗粒之间存在的原始大孔隙、无压烧结过程中先熔化的Al颗粒在毛细作用下发生流动形成的原位大孔隙和析出过程在Ti-Al产物颗粒之间形成的小孔隙。Ti-Al多孔材料主要由TiAl3单相构成,无压烧结过程中Ti-Al之间发生了热爆反应。